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How to Read like a Professor

Blake Allen How to Read Literature like a Professor Foster Allen Introduction memory image design These essential instances of abstract investigation can be found in most writing from Lice's Adventures in Wonderland to Paper town. Each Trip is a Quest â€Å"a sequester, a spot to go, an expressed explanation, difficulties and preliminaries on the way, and a genuine reason† genuine explanation is constantly self-information In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo goes to the Caplet party since his companions hauled him along yet the genuine explanation was with the goal that he could meet Juliet. Ideal to eat with you â€Å"whenever individuals eat or drink together, it's communion† ostensibly of everybody is food †¦ ND demise/life In The Great Gatsby when Tom Buchanan takes Nick Caraway out to drink with his companions, we learn exactly how pubic Tom's life truly is. Ideal to eat You Vampires: childishness, abuse, a refusal to regard the self-rule of others Ghosts and vampires are never just about apparitions and vampires more seasoned figure speaking to degenerate qualities; virginal female; lashing her childhood, vitality, temperance; continuation of life for the old male; demise/decimation of female In The Scarlet Letter, Roger Chlorinating can be viewed as a vampire frequenting Hester.He needs vengeance for his significant other's disloyalty. He is a researcher and utilizations his insight to camouflage himself as a specialist, purpose on finding and tormenting Hester unknown darling as opposed to uncovering himself for quite a long time. Where have I seen Her Before â€Å"there's nothing of the sort as an entirely unique work of literature† â€Å"there's only one story† Character's must be extraordinary in their own privilege before being contrasted with progressively well known characters I associate Jane Ere to Hester from The Scarlet Letter in light of the fact that while the two Characters can stand tall on their own they want a man to remain with them and for them.It's from Shakespeare Even in simply regular discourse we use Shakespeare-â€Å"To meager own self be true† sounds more brilliant, gives expert In the film â€Å"Band of Brothers† the Saint Crisping Day Speech from Henry V turns into the motivation for the crew to continue. â€Å"We few, we upbeat few, we band of brothers† Or The Bible Innocence, The Fall, snakes, apples, gardens,†¦ Timelessness, model In Everlasting Tuck there are a few times when a character is driven uniquely by a baffling fire out yonder much like the Israelites were driven in the mass migration of Egypt.Handled and Graduated Kid stories fabricate the premise of our topics Their generally about ethics Sleeping Beauty can be deciphered to mean a young lady abstaining from growing up by dozing until a ruler comes to â€Å"rescue† her from youth. It's Greek to Me fantasy is a collection of story that issues designs regular to common life Johnny Terr ain, a character set after Paul Revere, had a â€Å"Achilles heal† that has disabled such a large number of characters and individuals the same; Fear. In any event, when a trust-commendable specialist offers to fix his harmed hand, he is too hesitant to even consider admitting reality of how he harmed himself.More than Just Rain It's never simply downpour purging, passing, resurrection, devastation, replenishment†¦ Jane Ere is consistently the exemplification of the climate, regardless of whether its an overcast portending or a red sunrise behind a consuming stronghold. Never Stand Next to the Hero activity consistently prompts change-develop, learn, develop Characters are not people†¦ They are results of scholars and perusers creative mind Charge of the Light Brigade delineates a steadfast unit that, in any event, when unmistakably they are going to bite the dust, give their lives when their pioneer is provided a mixed up request to charge on. .. More than It's Gha na Hurt You Character caused-shooting, cutting, bombing†¦ (moves plot) Author caused-significance behind shooting stabbing†¦ Meaning behind) When Jeanie needs to shoot Tea Cake in Their eyes were Watching God she held up until he attempted to shoot her multiple times, as the initial three were spaces it didn't altogether set in too her that it was her life or Tea Cakes and the way that she hung tight for the fourth shot may have implied she needed to kick the bucket with tea cake at that point live without him.It's All Political composing that draws in the real factors of its reality A Christmas Carol and Oliver Twist are solid instances of the portrayal of the requirement for open administrations in 1 backtalk England She's a Christ figure, also mounded hands, feet, side, generosity, great with kids, woodworker, pardoning, redeemer†¦ Gangland in Lord of the Rings can be a Christ figure since he scarifies himself with his arms out extended to spare the world from the anger of Sorry and is restored to keep on aiding Bilbo Basins devastate the ring.Flights of Fancy Flight is Freedom incongruity bests everything In The legend of Deals and Cirrus, Deals made wings for himself and his child however his sun traveled to high and was copied up by the sun, Apollo, at that point he fell into the sea. It's All about Sex.. Nothing isn't a sex suggestion In Jane Ere she is regularly delineated corresponding to wide moving scenes while inside the tall transcending château of Edward Rochester. †¦Except Sex is about delight, love, penance, and additionally accommodation When Jeanie first finds sex under the pear tree feels sets a standard of affection for an incredible remainder and looks at all men to her first time Geography matters†¦ Where? - area corresponding to slopes, valleys, gorges, mountains, oceans, islands, individuals, north, south, east, west space taken up or void when authors send characters south, it's So they can go crazy The area O fGenie's home all through the book gives a connection of how society saw her status; the normal life at babysitter's and Logan Clicks were ground level homes, at Judo's, her room was on the second story of her home so that in any event, when she rested she was over the townspeople, and with Tea Cake she was beneath ocean level as she and tea cake didn't claim anything. †¦So Does Season New life, adulthood, collect, demise spring, summer, fall, winter In Jane Ere, the â€Å"death-white realms† of the cold that Beck depicts is passing to a young lady hurting for opportunity Marked for Greatness When a character is defective, truly or else, it is regularly an imprint that will prompt notoriety regardless of whether it's in ignominy. Chuckles recuperate, maybe the most notable blemish of Greek disaster, caused the abrupt, emotional ruin of one of the best legends of literature.He's visually impaired for an explanation mammalian Jones standard': on the off chance that you nee d your crowd to know something significant about your character, present it early/' A character may decided to overlook or might be uninformed of unmistakably known realities to the peruser: this is visual deficiency Jeanie constrains herself to not see the ailment Tea Cake has until he ascends to shot her the fourth time and she realizes that she can't disregard that life is truly undermined. It's Never Just a Heart Disease Illness is normally a physical appearance of inward battle or agony. 1. Not all infections are equivalent 2. It should be pleasant 3. Hysterics beginning 4. Solid symbolical potential On his demise bed, Joe Starks says he did all that he accomplished for Jeanie with the goal that when he was gone she would acquire all he get so she could sit the â€Å"high-throne† he worked for her much after his passing. Try not to Read With Your Eyes Analyze with your cerebrum, read through their eyes; see what they see and know cap you know Can this individual be spare d In Shakespearean Romeo and Juliet, when both Romeo and Juliet see that their separate sweetheart is dead the two of them by and by conclude that life sin ‘t worth the living.This is a specific difference in Romeo, as toward the start, Romeo was in profound sorrow over another young lady however not to the point of self destruction. It's my Symbol and I'll cry in the event that I Want also use what you know, each work shows us how to peruse it as we come, you know more than you might suspect you do Everything is an image In Animal Farm there is imagery in the windmill. The windmill speaks to the abuse of the boneheaded creatures by the pigs.As the pigs feast, learn, and keep warm the greater part of the creatures are starving, have abandoned learning and are freezing however never do they question the pigs since when they complete the plant they will have the entirety of that. Is it true that he is Serious? Also, Other Ironies incongruity gives a second, third†¦. Layer t o content incongruity may not work for everybody: some miss it The incongruity of Animal Farm is that, however the animals had revolted because of uncalled for treatment by people, at long last the lion's share were more terrible off than any time in recent memory.

10 Brilliant Responses to the Customer Who is Just Looking

10  Brilliant Responses  to  the  Customer Who is Just Looking If you have ever worked in a  sales position, it is inevitable that you have found yourself in such a situation, and you understand how morale-sapping it can be.A customer walks into the store, and in a bid to help them find what they are looking for and hopefully make a sale, you quickly approach them.With a bright smile on your face, you politely greet the customer,  â€œGood afternoon ma’am, how can I help you?”  To your dismay, the customer deflects you offer to help and your hopes of making a sale with a mindless “I’m just looking.” With those three words, your morale and spirits take a nosedive. Your mind kicks of an internal monologue that goes something like this:“Dammit! What the hell is wrong today? Is everyone coming to the store to just look? How am I supposed to make a sale if everyone is coming here to waste my time with no interest in buying?”Well, that is a pretty good example of the most common reaction  when a customer says they are just looking. When t hey hear these words, most sales people leave the customer alone and retreat to their spot, which unfortunately means they are not going to make the sale.Clever sales people, on the other hand, are unfazed when a customer says they are just looking.They handle the situation with tact and end up making a sale, despite the customer having stated they are just looking.To be able to turn the ‘I’m just looking” to a sale, you first need to understand the hidden meaning behind the phrase.WHAT DO CUSTOMERS MEAN BY “I’M JUST LOOKING?” Contrary to what many sales people believe, the phrase “I’m just looking” is not a  sales  objection. It does not mean that the customer is not interested in buying. Instead, it is a deflection that which the customer uses as a polite way of saying they want to be left alone.Many customers are very wary of sales people. They know that, given the time, a sales person whose only concern is making a sale can convince them to buy something they d on’t even need, or something that is not right for them.Therefore, they use the phrase “I’m not looking”, or its variants, “just killing time”, or “just browsing” to avoid a  sales pitch. The customers know what they are looking for, they just don’t want someone trying to upsell them or recommend a different product.In this case, insisting on giving your advice to the customer or pushing your store’s special sales will only annoy them, and they might even walk out and go shopping elsewhere.Customers might also say they are ‘just looking’ because they don’t want to interact with anyone as they shop.Sure, they might not know what exactly they want, but they want to figure things out for themselves rather than having someone guide them.Having someone engage them as they figure things out and make their decision can feel like an intrusion.Of course, sometimes a customer will say they are ‘just looking’ because that is what they are actually doing â€" just l ooking. But even in this case, this is a good sign. The fact that they are looking means that they are interested in buying. They might not buy today, but they will  buy,  eventually.It means that they are trying to gather some more information about the product before making the  buying decision, or they are trying to figure out the best place to buy it. If you handle them correctly, you can convince them to buy from you once they are ready to buy.Next time a customer says they are just looking, no need to feel gloomy and start cursing the stars for sending you customers who are not interested in buying.Instead, below are 10 brilliant responses you can use to handle the customer who is ‘just looking’ and hopefully make the sale.1. Are you looking for anything in particular?Instead of walking away once the customer says they are just looking, responding with this question gets the conversation started.It also allows you to gather more information about the customer and the produ ct they might be interested in.If the customer responds to this question with a ‘no’, then it means they are really want to be left alone.It also shows that they have no intention of buying at the moment.A customer who is interested in buying something, on the other hand, will most likely respond by telling you what exactly they are looking for, which creates a chance for you to engage with them more deeply and show them the different types of that product that you have in stock.For instance, here is how the conversation would go.You: Good morning sir, welcome to our store. How may I help?Customer: Thank you, but I’m just browsing.You: Great! Are you looking for something in particular?Customer: Yeah, I’m looking for a gift for my daughter’s birthday.You: Ah, nice. Happy birthday to your daughter. How old is she?Customer: She is turning five.You: That’s great. We have a great collection of gifts that would be awesome for a five year old girl. Would you like me to show yo u?Customer: Yeah, sure.By asking the customer if they are looking for something in particular, you get a chance to engage the customer and eventually make the sale, even if they tried to brush you off earlier by saying they were just browsing.2. Automatically agree with the customer.Sometimes, it might be a great idea to leave the customer alone when they say they are just looking.The best way of doing this  is to agree with the customer and show them that you don’t consider them to be a nuisance even if they end up not buying.This can be a huge draw to your customers and might contribute to them buying from you.Before giving this response, it is best to read the customer’s  body language  to determine whether you should push it further or simply allow them to browse on their own.If it looks like the customer knows what exactly they are looking for, it might be a good idea to leave them to look for it on their own.Agreeing with the customer and leaving them alone is also a great option when they look preoccupied and might not welcome the intrusion.Below is an example of how you can automatically agree with a customer in a casual and conversational manner:You: Welcome to our store, sir. May I help you with anything?Customer: No, thanks. Just looking.You: Of course, I understand. I’m glad you decided to look at our store.  3. Let me know what you are looking for so I can get more information for you.I mentioned that one of the reasons a customer may be browsing through your store is that they might be gathering more information about a product  before making the buying decision.By offering to provide them with information about what they are looking for, it shows that you actually care about making the shopping process easier for them.This makes the customer more willing to engage with you and opens up an opportunity for you to get the customer more interested in your products and hopefully convince them to buy.Below is an example of how such a conversatio n might go.You: Hello ma’am. Need help with anything?Customer: Not really, I’m just looking.You: I see. Let me know what you are looking for so I can get more information for you.Customer: I actually wanted to know which is better between an electric and a gas powered lawn mower.  You: Sure, let me get you a brochure showing the advantages and disadvantages of each and the most suitable  use for each.Customer: Okay, thanks.In this example, the customer might have looked at all the lawn mowers but still leave the store without knowing which is best for them.By offering to provide them with more information, you make it easier for them to compare the products and make a buying decision right there, instead of leaving them to  make the decision later when they can  purchase the product elsewhere.4. Would you be interested seeing some pricing options for the product?This question is a great way of separating tire kickers from serious customers. If a customer is not interested in see ing pricing options, this is a sign that they are not ready to buy, and it’s best to give them the time to look.If, on the other hand, a customer says that they are ‘just looking’ but is still interested in seeing the pricing options, then this is a sign that they are at an advanced stage in their  buyer’s journey  and are almost making the decision to buy.Asking this question can be a great way of separating the wheat from the chaff. Once you determine the serious customers, you can then put more focus in selling to them.5. Offer to help in case they need you.When  some  customers walk into a store, they want to be given the time to figure things out by themselves, with the option of asking for help in case they need it.If you approach such a customer and they say they are just looking, it is good to let them know that you are available to help them if they require any assistance. Below is an example of how you can do this.You: Good afternoon madam. Do you need any help?Cus tomer: No, thanks. I’m just killing time.You: Of course, no problem. I’ll be right there in case you need me.Customer: Sure, thanks!Below is another example of how you can do this even more tactfully.You: Welcome sir. Can I help you find anything?Customer: No, thanks. I’m just looking.You: Oh, sure, that’s fine. My name is Kelvin, just in case you need anything. I’ll pass by in a little bit in case you need any help.Customer: Okay, thanks!The best part about the second example is that it allows you to leave the customer alone to figure things out on their own, while at the same time giving you the chance to come back later and engage meaningfully with the customer.Once you use this response, don’t forget to re-approach the customer after some time, since they will be expecting it.There is no right time to re-approach the customer. It will depend on your ability to read the customer’s body language.Once you re-approach them, don’t go in with a sales pitch or anything pushy. Instead, you should do what you promised to do, which is to check whether they need any assistance. You can easily do this by saying:“Hey, just came  back to see how you are doing.”With this line, the customer won’t hesitate to let you know in case they have any questions or need any assistance.6. Provide your contact information.Remember, customers who are just looking might not be ready to buy at the moment, but they intend to buy later.Providing them with your contact information allows you to establish a relationship and shows you are willing to help in case they need any further information.Once they are ready to buy, they are also more likely to buy from you since they can easily get in touch with you. Below is an example of how to share your contact information with a customer who says he is just looking:You: Hello sir, welcome to our dealership. What car are you interested in?Customer: Thanks, but I’m just looking at the moment.  You: Sure, you can look around , we have a nice collection of cars. Here’s my card, you can reach out in case you need any information or want to compare options.Customer: Great, thanks a lot. I will definitely get in touch.Once this customer is ready to commit, there is a high chance they will reach out and buy from you. If you simply left them alone once they said they were only looking, that would be a lost sale.7. So, what features are you looking for?This question is another great way of getting the customer to start talking about what exactly they want without sounding pushy.It also helps you to determine whether the customer is ready to buy. If a customer is seriously considering buying something, they will have thought about what features they want or what they want to do with the product.Therefore, when you ask what features they are looking for, they will probably mention some of the features they want, which creates an opportunity for you show them products with their preferred features and hopefully make a sale. It’s good to note that is tactic works only when you sell one  specific kind of product.For instance, if you sell vehicles only, both you and the client will be sure that you are talking about car features. But if you sell multiple products, it does not make sense to ask what features a customer is looking for when you don’t even know what product they are interested in.If a customer is simply looking or killing time, they might not have thought about any specific features, so they might not have a very good answer to this question. However,  don’t ignore a customer just because they don’t have a solid idea of what features they want.Some clients might be interested in the product, but they might not have enough information about the product to know what features would suit them best. Before giving up on them, ask a few more questions to find out if the customer is seeking more information about the product or simply just looking.Below is a great example of how to use this technique to handle a customer who is just looking at a car dealership.You: Good morning sir. What brings you in today?Customer: Good morning to you. Actually, I’m just looking.You: Wonderful! So, what features are you looking for?Customer: I’m looking for a spacious car since I have a big family. I would also like a vehicle with good fuel consumption for city driving.You: Excellent. Have you considered the 2018 Volkswagen Golf  Sportwagen? It is very spacious, has above average cargo capacity and has a mileage of 25 miles per gallon in city conditions. I have a black and silver one over there, come check it out.See how easily this tactic moves a customer from just looking to actually letting you show them something they might be interested in buying?8. Follow up with a non-threatening question.When a client says they are just looking, they probably don’t want to hear a sales pitch or to be pressured to buy. Therefore, when they say they are just looking, followin g it up with an innocent question that does not pressure them in any way. This could go like this:You: Welcome to our store. How may I be of help?Customer: Thanks. I’m just looking.You: Fantastic. Have you shopped with us before?Such a question lowers a customer’s defenses because you are not trying to sell  them anything, and allows you to start a conversation. You can later steer them round to what you have on offer or find out what they are looking for.For instance, if the customer says that they have shopped with you before, you can thank them for coming back and then mention what new offers you have.If it’s the customer’s first time in your store, you can thank them for choosing your store and then give them a quick overview of what you sell.9. Perhaps I could point you in the right direction if I know what you are looking for.This is another way of gathering information from a customer. If you run a big store, it might be hard for them to find what they are looking for .If the customer is looking for a particular product, they will most likely mention it, and you  can  then guide them to the right section and try engaging them in a conversation regarding the product.If they reply with something like, “I’m okay, thanks!” then it means that they actually want to be left alone, so tell them where to find you in case they need assistance and then leave them to look by themselves.10. Cheerfully begin assisting them right away.If the customer is just looking, why not make the looking easier for them? Once they say they are just looking, encourage them to look and give them a lay of the land. As you do this, you should make sure you sound cheerful and sincere.Below is an example of how to use this tactic.You: Hello, welcome. What are you looking for today?Customer: Thanks, but I’m just browsing.You: Ah, that’s great. Feel free to look around. You will find the sedans in that section, the SUVs over there towards the right, the sports cars are ov er here, while you will find the wagons over there, towards the back.  After giving the customer a description, how you proceed will depend on the customer’s reaction. If they  simply  thank you for giving them a lay of the land, it could be a sign that they want to be left alone.Let them know where they will find you in case they need assistance and leave them to it. If they are interested in something in particular, they might ask you to show them where it is, which then creates a chance for you to start selling the product and hopefully make the sale.WRAPPING UPIf you work in a sales role, it is inevitable that you will hear the phrase “I’m just looking” severally. However, there is no need to get demoralized by the phrase. Most times, customers throw out this phrase without even thinking about.Armed with the right responses to the phrase, you can easily turn customers  who are just looking into paying customers.It’s also good to note that sometimes, the client really w ants to be left alone, so you should learn how to read a customer’s body language and determine whether to continue engaging them or to leave them alone.

Student Viewpoints On Remediation Process - 1452 Words

Student viewpoints on remediation processes at Metro Middle school Gabe Fish (Student, Metro Middle School), Joshua Levy (Student, Metro Middle School), Mathis Moore (Student, Metro Middle School), Evan Petruskevich (Student, Metro Middle School). Metro Early College Middle School students were asked if they were happy with current remediation processes. We also asked if it should be more uniform. The purpose of the study is to determine if an optimized, uniform process is needed, and what that process should be. We personally feel that the process is flawed, and are looking for a solution. The data is positive for people being happy with the current remediation processes. However, the data is also positive for remediation being†¦show more content†¦Hence, remediation. Studies have shown (Davis, Mastery learning in public schools) that the mastery system is effective, if students are allowed a second chance to rectify mistakes. Other studies have found that the remediation process can become ‘multiple and unwieldy’(Hannon, Lead ership) if left without a strong structure. The hypothesis of our study was Students are unhappy with their current remediation and would like it to be uniform. We planned to use this hypothesis to benefit the students of the Metro Middle School in their academic studies and help us at the same time. We researched our data by looking for information on how other schools help their students with make up work, as that is what our remediation is to a standard school. We had to be specific in what we were searching as the something like remediation was not the same as remediation in other schools. Our research was influenced by our hypothesis because we looked at how some other schools had solved the problem we hoped to fix at metro. We set up our survey for the students to not only ask if it would be more convenient for them if the remediation was uniform. But asked them if they were happy with a remediation process in one of their classes already.The

Racial Discrimination For Their Own Daily Physical Protection

There are many examples on this list that helped me understand that white people are privileged. The first example I have chosen is, I do not have to educate my children to be aware of systemic racism for their own daily physical protection. This example helps me to realize white privilege, because I was never educated about how other races might treat me in day-to-day life. I now realize that this is a problem for some individuals, and that some parents must make their children aware of racism that goes on in society. Mentioning the fact that this knowledge may be necessary for daily protection is also a big key to this example. White children never have to worry about being physically or mentally bullied due to their race. It is upsetting to think that some kids have to be aware of the unfair treatment they may encounter on a given day. There is another example that I have chosen that shows a way in which white people are privileged. I can take a job with an affirmative action employer without having my co-workers on the job suspect that I got it because of my race. I have chosen this example because I believe that it is a great depiction of white privilege in the workplace. I feel like if a white person walks into a new job, co-workers will assume that they are qualified most of the time. However, if a person of a different race was to walk in to a new job, co-workers may assume that they were only hired because of affirmative action. This example relates to Remember theShow MoreRelatedChampion equality, diversity and inclusion1712 Words   |  7 PagesChampion equality, diversity and inclusion          1.1 Explain the models of practice that underpin equality, diversity and inclusion in own area of responsibility. Equality is to treat all as individuals; to respect race, disability, age, gender, religion, beliefs ,culture and sexual orientation. For all to be open to opportunities, to be treated fairly and respectfully, have rights and equal status in society and for all to reach their full potential. Diversity is to value that we are all uniqueRead MoreRacism And The Immigration Restriction Act Of 19011432 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinctive appearance and behavior which indicates their cultures often involving thought that one’s own culture is better and has the right to control others. History of Racism in Australia. A short of historical facts the exemplify the power of racist ideals in Australian the past ïÆ'Ëœ Australia in the 19th century was a multicultiracal country including people and communities of many different racial and cultural origins, including many nations of Aboriginal people. ïÆ'Ëœ The second half of the 19thRead MoreEffects Of The White Standards Of Beauty On African American Women923 Words   |  4 PagesHairstyles that the Africa American population came up with has either had an inspiration or they were criticized from other ethics as well. Stereotypes are the main reason why Africa American hair is judged so hard. In 2006 a researcher name Tracey Owns Patten did her research on different ethics standpoints. Throughout this article the effect of the White standards of beauty towards African American women by questioning the societal definitions of beauty, body image, and hair. (Patton, 2006, p. 24)Read MoreKey Legislation For Children Safe1660 Words   |  7 Pages2002 (as amended 2004) †¢ Fire precaution (workplace) regulations 1997. Regulatory bodies include OFSTED, The Health and Safety Diagram below show five standard deals will safety of children; Safety †¢ Safe moving and handling †¢ Health †¢ Physical environment †¢ Equipment †¢ Safety checks always need to checks be made in all the following areas †¢ Building and maintenance †¢ Cleanliness of the general environment †¢ Organisation --------------------------------------------------------------------------Read MoreA Brief Note On The Sun And The Circumstances Of The Moulin Rouge Casino Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesreality to victims. The novel Raisin in the Sun and the circumstances of the Moulin Rouge Hotel-Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, tell how racism destroyed dreams and crushed the soul through discrimination and lost opportunity. But there’s another side to the racism story. 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One personal freedom found in a democratic societyRead MoreElizabeth And Hazel : Two Women Of Little Rock1506 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two women came, much like the growth the Unites States has made in bringing about racial equality, they were never able to cross that line and fully accept one another. Despite having the same rights as all American citizens, blacks have been portrayed as inferior to whites and other groups of people throughout history. In Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock, there was a breakthrough in the education system, and blacks were finally getting the chance to go to a school with whitesRead MoreEssay on Ernest Green2349 Words   |  10 Pagessociety. In the twentieth century, the black population of Arkansas still endured periodic beatings, arrests and daily racial taunts at the slightest provocation. However, the law was turning in the Negroes favour. Various organisations including the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) and Negro produced newspapers fought for an end to racial discrimination and for the advancement of the black population. â€Å"They began to assert political and economic pressure† againstRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination And Its Effects On Social Cohesion And Political Stability1958 Words   |  8 PagesWorkplace discrimination is still prevalent and could have disastrous effects on social cohesion and political stability if it continues unchecked. While the most blatant forms of discrimination at work may have faded, many remain a persistent and daily part of the workplace, or are taking on more subtle forms. Every day, around the world, discrimination at work is an unfortunate reality for hundreds of millions of people. Women are by far the largest discriminated group, with the pay gap betweenRead MoreEssay on Is Racial Profiling a Problem in our Society?1522 Words   |  7 PagesIs Racial Profiling a Problem in our Society? If a certain race, for example a white person robs a bank, is the whole white race held accountable? Now say a African American person decides to hijack a commercial plane and crash it into a city, because of this certain event, is the whole African American Community interrogated or under harassment, only by the reason of their skin color or cultural background? Or what about Arabs and Muslims, just because the Al-Qaeda was a mass-Arab organization

Policy Process Free Essays

Policy Process CJA 580: Public Policy Issues University of Phoenix Dr. Matthew Geyer, Faculty May 15, 2010 Policy Process Society relies on the criminal justice system to maintain order within communities and to maintain a safe environment for community members. Society expects the criminal justice system to provide justice by separating the guilty from the innocent, to incapacitate dangerous individuals, to promote deterrence to law-breaking individuals, and to rehabilitate offenders. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now An important expectation of the criminal justice system is to provide fair and just consequences to criminal offenders and assist the offenders with reintegrating into society. Some of the expectations of the criminal justice system are not met therefore; the purpose of this analysis is to describe methods for improving the criminal justice system to meet the expectations of society. This analysis will also provide the necessary procedures the criminal justice system could take to make these suggestions an actual policy. The current criminal justice policies are inclined to punish offenders as a method of crime control and crime prevention (American Bar Association Criminal Justice System Improvements. , n. d. ). Although punishment is necessary for many criminal offenses and criminal offenders, a punishment is not a necessity for all crimes. In many cases in which narcotic transfers are involved, the punishment of incarceration for an extended length of time is cruel and unusual. Narcotic transfers are typically considered non-violent crimes and subsequent to incarceration, the offender is continually punished because their ability to reintegrate back into society and become law-abiding, contributing members of society is hindered (American Bar Association Criminal Justice System Improvements. , n. d. ). Incarceration is not an efficient method to deter offenders from reoffending since, following incarceration, they are unable to gain successful employment because of their criminal history. Gaining successful employment s not unrealistic however; employers tend not to disregard the offender’s history therefore influencing the offender’s decision to reoffend. Many narcotic offenders do not desire to break laws; their main concern is monetary gain. Alternatives policies in regard to narcotic offenders should be implemented to assist them with reintegration, rehabilitation, and to actually deter them from reoffending. A possible policy to implement to avoid incarcerating non-violent offenders is implementing a program that assists offenders with education and seeking employment. A program of this magnitude will give offenders the opportunity to remain connected with society and will give them the opportunity to become successful members of society. The program may provide job training skills, education courses, and employers who are willing to employ individuals with a criminal history. Not only will this program benefit ex-offenders, it will also benefit the companies that hire them. The Work Opportunity Tax Credit is a federal tax credit given to companies to reduce the federal tax liability of employers to be used as an incentive for employing ex-offenders (Tax Credits, n. . ). The main objective of the policy is to provide crime control and crime prevention oppose to punishing offenders only for them to reoffend. Implementing this policy may become a challenge because of the procedures necessary to implement the policy. The first step and most important step of starting this policy is compiling a list of employers willing to hire ex-offenders. For more t han one reason, employers may believe hiring an ex-offender would be detrimental to their company. However, one of the goals of this program is to provide the skills and abilities to satisfy the employers, preventing recidivism. The second step of starting this policy is proposing the policy to policy makers. The policy will need the support of the community and the overall criminal justice system to be a success. The program can be a success providing it has the necessary resources. Profiling is an issue within the criminal justice system. Profiling, as it refers to criminal justice, includes using gender, sex, and most commonly, race to identify an individual as a suspect or possible suspect of a crime. Oftentimes, the individual is not a suspect or possible suspect and a crime may not have even been committed however, they are judged based on the above. The issue of profiling, mainly racial profiling, is because of the criminal justice system’s inability to address racial disparities. A fair criminal justice system is an expectation of society. The influence of bias and different treatment in the system should be protected against and evaluated for prosecution. Many instances occur in which an individual has been racially profiled and as a result the individual has been physically, mentally, or emotionally harmed by the incident. Disparities in processing have been seen most prominently in the area of law enforcement, with documentation of widespread racial profiling in recent years. Disparities in the criminal justice system are in part a function of the interrelationship between race and class, and reflect the disadvantages faced by low-income defendants (Mauer, n. d. ). à ¢â‚¬  Providing a mixed criminal justice system may provide society a sense of comfort if they believe the system consists of individuals similar to them. . A policy should be implemented to employ an equal number of races within the criminal justice system. There is no absolute way to ensure employing an equal number of races will decrease racial disparities however, employing different races may decrease racial profiling in communities. The policy should also include the intent to prosecute individuals if it is proven that he or she profiled resulting in some form of harm from the incident. This policy will be a challenge to implement considering there may not be any proof of any wrongdoings however, if the incident is reviewed and evaluated, prosecutors may take the necessary steps to prosecute the individual. The most important step to implement this policy would be to involve the community and policy makers. Policy makers would have to agree to approach legislation with the policy to implement a law that would decrease racial profiling. The community’s involvement is also important. Society members can assist in ensuring individuals are prosecuted for wrongdoings by reporting mistreatment to them or reporting mistreatment of others. The current criminal justice system has issues that can be addressed by implementing different policies. The two policies described above can assist in improving the operation of the criminal justice system. Implementing a policy that will allow offenders to reintegrate back into society, rehabilitate, and to deter them from reoffending will decrease the amount of individuals incarcerated and as a result possibly decrease the amount of taxes paid by taxpayers. The policy will also provide crime control and crime prevention oppose to punishing offenders only for them to reoffend. Implementing a policy that punishes criminal justice employees for profiling is another method that can assist in improving the operation of the criminal justice system. The goal of this policy is to decrease profiling by employing different races thus decreasing the possibility of profiling. References American Bar Association. (n. d. ). American Bar Association Criminal Justice System Improvements. Retrieved from American Bar Association http://www. abanet. org/poladv/transition/2008dec_crimjustice. pdf Mauer, M. (n. d). Racial Disparities and Criminal Justice. Fdch Congressional Testimony, Retrieved From Masterfile Premier Database. National H. I. R. E Network. (n. d. ). Tax Credits. Retrieved from National H. I. R. E Network http://www. hirenetwork. org/admin/clearinghouse. php? state_id=NC How to cite Policy Process, Essays

United Air Lines Essay Sample free essay sample

Like many air hoses. United Air Lines ( UAL ) has had to cover with the impact of terrorist act. planetary competition. energy and fuel crises and the slow down of the American market. This has non merely created challenges for the company’s operations but besides its organisation. However. there are times that solutions frequently giving rise to greater struggles peculiarly if they involve asceticism steps. For UAL. cost control steps were perceived negative by many of its stakeholders ; employees feel that they will bear the load of the steps and investors frequently see it as an indicant of a drooping endeavor. Therefore. when UAL announce its purposes to implement its cost film editing steps. many geared themselves up. Despite much premonition. Peltz ( 2005 ) points out that the â€Å"draconian cost cuts† was successful in UAL’s attempts to remain afloat but besides has marked greater assurance in the company non merely with its investors. We will write a custom essay sample on United Air Lines Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page but even more significantly. its workers. He credits this to the honestness of UAL’s Chairman. President and Chief Executive Officer Glenn Tilton. Peltz believes that Tilton’s credence and apology for old direction determinations. his statement that recrimination about them is the chief ground for the company’s jobs and his acknowledgment of the employees’ part to the UAL’s endurance are the grounds why the cost steps have been supported. By acknowledging the true province of personal businesss at UAL and acknowledging that important intercession was needed. Tilton was seen non merely to be honest about the issue but besides willing to cover with its effects. Recent concern dirts have highlighted to industries every bit good as the populace that the easy resort for companies is to conceal jobs to protect its image or prestigiousness. The calamity is that this leaves the its stakeholders with false security and small protection non merely in footings of their investings or support but besides of their religion in concern and the economic system ( Lee et al. 2005 ) . At the same clip. this prevents the execution of intercessions most critical to better the province of the company. See the statement that the â€Å"consequences of fraudulences are normally greater than the 1s of truth† : if UAL was to deny that extreme cost cut steps were needed. how was it do its employees understand alterations in compensation or alterations in dividend distribution to its investors? Without employees’ cognition of the demand for the steps. they may easy hold turned to labour protests and diminished the quality of their service. Investors may hold viewed that there was calculated blind in the company. In decision. yes. Tilton’s steps indicated that UAL was holding fiscal jobs but it was besides an indicant of the company’s committedness to take decisive action and its assurance that the organisation can salve the state of affairs. Mentions Lee. R. V. . Fabish. L. . and McGaw. N. ( 2005 ) . The value of corporate values.Strategy + BusinessIssue 39. Retrieved December 14 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aspeninstitute. org/site/c. huLWJeMRKpH/b. 612437/k. 6A29/Research_and_Resources. htm Peltz. James F. ( 2005 ) . A Retentive CEO Keeps United Flying.Los Angeles Times. July 24. 2005: C. 1

5 Secrets of Persuasion Use NLP to Influence Your Readers - Freewrite Store

5 Secrets of Persuasion Use NLP to Influence Your Readers - Freewrite Store Persuasive writing is a skill that every writer needs to master. That’s true whether you’re writing blogs with affiliate links, emails to your subscribers, or landing page copy to promote a product. There are lots of ways to approach writing persuasively, but one of the most effective is Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). Developed by Richard Bandler and John Grinder in the 1970s, Neuro-Linguistic Programming is a communication tool that can have a big impact on your readers - if you know how to use it right. Of course, you’ll find people who dismiss the tools and techniques of NLP as being ‘mumbo-jumbo’ - but, then, they’re the kind of people who would have said it was impossible to put a man on the moon. NLP works. It works for businessmen when they’re closing a massive deal, and it works for writers who need to convince your readers to do something. It doesn’t matter whether it’s clicking a link, completing a form, or making a purchase, when you use NLP, your ability to persuade increases. The Power of Persuasion Neuro-linguistic programming is so-called because, effectively, it uses words (linguistic) to reprogram (programming) the brain (neuro). It’s been compared (quite negatively) to manipulation. It can, of course, be used manipulatively, but there’s so much more to it than that. It’s used in coaching and even in therapy to change the way people think about things. So, how does NLP work to persuade people to change the way they think? Courses to train as an NLP practitioner are taught over seven days, so condensing the principles of NLP into an article isn’t easy. Nonetheless, I’ll share with you key insights from NLP that are particularly pertinent for writers. Foundations of Neuro-Linguistic Programming for Writers While some copywriters shun NLP as being far too ‘out there’, there are lots of skilled copywriters who understand how to use it to maximize results. By now you’re probably eager to find out how you can do that too, so let’s dig in. 1. The Language of the Senses NLP is all about the way that language is used to influence others, but it’s more than just about the words. It’s about what the words we use evoke in the people we’re addressing. In NLP, language is sensory - because all the information that we process can only enter our brains through the five senses. Most people have a sensory modality preference - whether you’re aware of it or not. There are three sensory modalities in NLP - visual, auditory and kinaesthetic (feelings). NLP teaches that influencing your readers starts when you use language that appeals to their sensory modality preference. For example: Visual: â€Å"Can you see what I mean?† Auditory: â€Å"Can you hear what I’m trying to say?† Kinaesthetic: â€Å"Does it feel right to you?† When you’re writing, you can’t know (in most cases) what your readers’ preference is, so you should incorporate all three senses into your writing to maximize the potential impact of your writing. 2. Story Time As a writer, you probably love to tell a good story, right? Well, you’ll be pleased to know that storytelling is a great NLP technique that you can easily exploit. When you couple your natural storytelling abilities with the (hidden) power of language in NLP, you’ll be able to exert huge influence over your readers. It happens to you all the time - even if you don’t recognize it happening. The movies and TV shows you watch exert influence over you all the time, with hidden, subtle messages that you don’t notice because you’re engrossed in the unfolding story. Using story to influence your readers is a matter of using metaphors and analogies that enter the subconscious. Metaphors work on a deep subconscious level to affect how your readers feel or think. 3. Homophonic Influence Homophones, words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings, are a subtle way to subconsciously affect your readers’ decision-making processes. Let’s look at an example that you could use in landing page copy for a sales page: â€Å"By now, you should be able to see the power of using NLP in your writing copy. But, if you want to fully understand how to maximize the impact of your writing, increase your sales and grow your business beyond your wildest dreams, we have something more for you. Our eBook, ‘Unlocking the Secrets of Sales Copy’ normally retails at $99 but, for 48 hours only, you can get your hands on it for just $7.† Placing the words ‘by now’ at the beginning of that paragraph is using a homophone to prime the buyer’s brain. ‘By now’ and ‘buy now’ sound the same when you read them aloud in your head - and that subconscious influence on your reader can have a big impact on the number of people who click on the ‘buy now’ CTA button below the paragraph. 4. Effective Emotional Influence As a writer, you need to be able to affect your readers’ emotions in order to get results. Affecting emotions effectively, however, is a skill that can take time to learn. NLP teaches that you use facts in order to basically tell people how to feel (or, at least, how you want them to feel) when you use facts. Charities making appeals for donations have expert copywriters who are exceptionally skilled at using facts and other emotional tools in their writing. For example, a popular NLP-inspired technique is to tell prospective donors how their donation can change the lives of the people receiving the funds. â€Å"Your donation of $20 will feed a family of four for a whole month.† Another way charities use emotional influence in their writing is to demonstrate how a small sacrifice on the donor’s part can make a significant difference. â€Å"If you sacrifice your favorite coffee-shop latte or cappuccino just one day each week, your donation of $20 per month will pay for Jessica to attend boarding school to continue her education, including her boarding fees, supplies and food for the month.† 5. Pattern Interrupts Interrupting the flow of your writing - or disrupting the flow - by introducing a new, unexpected idea, is a great persuasive technique that NLP trainers really applaud. It’s all about breaking thought patterns - which enables you to directly access the subconscious mind. It’s a technique that stage hypnotists use - though I’m not suggesting for a minute that you need to hypnotize your readers! Politicians and smart public speakers use it, too, so it’s worthwhile learning how to most effectively use this technique in your writing. One example of how you can use pattern interrupts is to introduce confusing or unexpected language into the middle of your ‘pitch’. The way you do this will depend on your audience, but you could try using sudden oblique references, or making reference to unrelated details – or, even, using swear words within your copy. The sudden change of direction gives you a brief opportunity to take advantage of your audience’s confusion. If you’re writing a sales or landing page, you could use callouts and testimonials to achieve pattern interrupts. By distracting your audience’s attention to something new, you have a new window of opportunity to appeal to the subconscious, refocus their attention, or disarm them. Delve Deeper into NLP If you want to maximize the persuasive potential of your writing and influence your readers more, it’s worth exploring NLP in more detail. NLP training is available around the world and investing in an NLP course can have a huge impact on your persuasive writing. You could even explore NLP coaching to build your confidence as a writer. Far from being ‘mumbo-jumbo’, neuro-linguistic programming is an effective means of exploiting the science of persuasion. The more you understand how NLP works, you’ll be able to recognize the techniques that other writers are using to influence your decisions, too.

Dos and Donts of Giving a Presentation

Dos and Donts of Giving a Presentation Most college students, at one point or another in their academic career, will be required to give a presentation or speech in a class for a grade. Some may be required to pass a Speech course for their major, but most will surely be required to give a presentation in a number of classes. While it is not a science by any means, giving a presentation or a speech can be a lot of fun. It is a skill an individual will have and develop over the course of their lives, one that will earn them jobs, a good salary – because they will be able to master the art of verbal communication. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION   Ã‚  Prepare and Visualize a Successful Speech or Presentation It has been noted that some of the world’s greatest athletes have the same mental habit for when they compete: in their minds, they literally visualize a victory – from start to finish. They prepare themselves mentally for what they are about to do. The same principle can be applied to giving a speech, whether in the real world or in the classroom. The speaker, long before they are to give the speech, can visualize having a successful outcome and delivering a fantastic speech. But having great success at something also comes from the work, which is done before this positive visualization approach is to occur. A speech or presentation should first of all be well researched; it should illustrate an argument or theme, and first be written out in the form of an essay.   Ã‚  Be Presentable Looking the part is half the battle. When people are bathed and well dressed, when people look their best, they most times will exude confidence – which is often the most crucial tool of success when talking in front of a large room.   Ã‚  Remember to Breathe and Take a Few Seconds to Gather a Thought Breathing during a speech not only breaks the monotony of a speech, it also relaxes the speaker and helps them concentrate. What’s more important: It’s the speaker’s floor – if they want to take a few seconds to gather their thoughts, no one will interrupt them. A few seconds will seem an eternity. But only to the speaker. Take advantage of breathing.   Ã‚  Be Confident – But Not Arrogant – and Smile Often Speaking in front of people is part of life. A student required to give one in college may as well just accept this inevitable fact. With that said, they may as well also embrace the art and skill of giving a good speech and learn how to excel at it. Once again, having a confident, optimistic attitude is half the battle. The other half is a combination of preparation and showing up. And smile. It relaxes the room and the speaker.   Ã‚  Make Brief Eye Contact With Audience It’s a speech to one’s peers. Not a case of a judge. This assignment is an exercise in communication. Learn the seemingly simple yet very complex art of communicating now. One’s career will thank them in 10, 20 years from now. Learn now that people are what matters. Individualize people. It makes them feel special, which means they will then listen to the speaker’s speech and become engaged.   Ã‚  Be Loud Enough So That the Entire Room Can Hear the Speech Don’t shout to the audience – but don’t be a mouse, either. Learn to get people’s attention without making them feel physically uncomfortable.   Ã‚  Say â€Å"Like,† â€Å"Uh† and â€Å"Um† minimally. Pause Instead This is the difference in sounding intelligent and sounding like an ignoramus. Honestly. Start being cognizant of saying this now in college. By the end of one’s college career, they may even have rid themselves of these words altogether.   Ã‚  Improvise The point of the speech or presentation is being entertaining and engaging to an audience. Don’t be afraid to go off script. Just remember that most assignments have a time limit and students are often judged on making a case for something. But, nonetheless, focus on giving a presentation.   Ã‚  Tell An Anecdote or Ask a Question Starting a speech with a question for the audience or with a personal anecdote is often all a speaker needs to grab their audience’s attention. Though keeping it is a completely different story and challenge altogether.   Ã‚  Avoid Being Dull and Lifeless Whatever topic the student giving the speech or presentation is expounding on, it should generally be one they are interested or even quite passionate about. When they breathe their own excitement into a subject, it will generally feed into the audience’s curiosity and excitement as well.   Apologize for a Mistake – Don’t Apologize for Anything, It’s the Speaker’s Floor Really, when giving a speech, remember there is no other speaker talking at that time. It is their time to do as they wish; it is their time to be evaluated. They should make the most of it and treat it as their time to fulfill their objective – and no one else’s.   Ã‚  Read ONLY From Notes. Instead of Talking to the Audience Don’t read just from notes or notecards. Those are just to prompt thought. Get used to going off a single thought and expounding on it naturally. That is the skill of public speaking.    Stand Still Move around, be a person. Be interesting. Don’t put the audience to sleep. Have some energy. Bounce around the room to get their attention. That’s all that matters: holding the audience’s attention.   Ã‚  Mumble. Instead, Speak Clearly and Slowly If Needed If the audience has to strain to understand their speaker, they would rather just lose interest and think of something else. When they have no choice but to hear their speaker, because the speaker is eloquent and projects their voice when talking, they will listen and become engaged and most times will find their speaking’s message quite interesting or insightful or inspiring in some way or another.    Be Too Serious This is a speech or presentation assignment in college. It’s for a grade. It’s not a plea to the UN. Have a little perspective and try to enjoy the assignment. Make it fun even. But don’t make it more serious than it is. It’s an assignment. Get it done and go on.    Touch Hair and Face It is not only distracting, but it tells the audience the speaker is self-conscious and nervous and quite possibly a bore.    Lose Focus of the Main Objective: to Pass the Class and Graduate What matters is getting that degree. Whatever it takes to get that degree. Even if speaking in front of others isn’t one’s cup of tea, focusing on the long-term goal of graduation is enough to get through it.    Forget to Communicate With Body Language to a Make Point Stronger A voice isn’t the speaker’s only tool when talking to a room full of people. Their body language – their posture, their arms, their gait, their eye and face gestures – can also reinforce a thought or an emotion, in turn really emphasizing something to the audience.

INSTRUMENT REVIEWED IN MMY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INSTRUMENT REVIEWED IN MMY - Essay Example Similarly, studies done using Bern Sex Role inventory has showed a similar trend among the girls who participated in the study. Further, the results showed a comparative masculinity scores depending on the number of years the participants resided in United States. The participants will help evaluate how gender role identity affects an individual in terms of sense of belonging, devotion to one religion, and exposure to foreign cultural values on one’s life. The research will use BSRI rating scores. BSRI is acronym for Bem Sex Role Inventory that measures gender roles and masculinity-femininity. BSRI was developed and published in 1974 by Sandra Bem and have evolved to a phenomenal gender role identity tool (Beere, 2008). The tool evaluates how individual identify themselves psychologically. The efforts came from concerted effort to measure androgyny. Stereotypical feminine and masculine traits were found by conducting a survey among 100 Stanford undergraduates students on which characters were believed to be desirable for either of the sex. The test is made of 60 varied personality traits which those participating rate themselves on a 7 Likert scale. Traits that constitute part of the scale are evenly dispersed ranging from 20 feminine, 20 masculine and 20 filter traits that are more gender neutral (Bem, 2005). All individual personality traits in BSRI are optimistically valued personality aspects. Bem Sex Role inventory involves 60 set of questions on feminine and masculine traits. Normative data was obtained from the samples that were done in Stanford University between 1973 and 1978 (Beere, 2008). According to the author, the objective for the test was to assess psychological androgyny and provide empirical evidence to prove the benefits of a shared feminine and masculine personality compared to that of sex-typed classification. Participants are required to rate themselves on each of the 60 traits using

The Importance of Slavery in the Development of Early America Research Paper

The Importance of Slavery in the Development of Early America - Research Paper Example They started to transport slaves from Africa to America during the sixteenth century. In the subsequent years, slavery became an economic, political and social factor in the development of early America, which resulted in the American Civil War or the American Revolution. This paper analyses the importance of slavery in the political and social development of early America and its contribution to the civil war. South America and North America were entirely different as far as the prominence of slavery was concerned. Negro slavery was absent in the North, whereas it occurred in many forms in the Southern parts of America in the last few centuries. â€Å"There has been one school of thought which regards presence of Negro slavery in the south and its absence in the north as the essence of sectional controversy† (Potter 30). From the onset, slavery had been the most serious cause of sectional conflict (Potter 52). In other words, the views and attitudes of the people in the south ern and northern parts of America were different. People in the North were more liberal in their nature, attitudes and beliefs, whereas people in the South were more conservative in their thoughts. It should be noted that European countries such as Britain were in control of Southren America in the eighteenth century. Britain had colonies in most parts of the world during this period. Africa was in control of Britain during this period, which made the slave transportation from Africa to America an easier task. Howe pointed out that â€Å"almost 14 million Negros were held in hereditary slavery during this period in America† (Howe 52). Slavery in the eighteenth century has created many social changes in America. Exports of slaves from Africa to America happened frequently during this period. Even though an independent American state was established in the eighteenth century, the process of exportation of slaves from Africa to America has not stopped. Americans were not in a mo od to give the luxury they enjoyed due to slavery. To sustain slavery as much as possible, they prevented black people from getting education, income and opportunities for employment. Even though human right issues were discussed very seriously in America during this period, nobody took slavery as a serious human right violation issue until the 1780s. In fact, the black community was not much interested in avoiding slavery in the eighteenth century. They were particular about improving their economic conditions rather than avoiding slavery or acquiring equal status with whites. Poverty was the biggest problem faced by the negros during this period. â€Å"For Negros, economic circumstances were more important than legal status (Slavery) in shaping their conditions of life† (Potter 31). It should not be forgotten that the negros were deprived of opportunities for education and, as a result of that, they were unaware of the things like human rights. For them, acquiring enough fo od at any cost was the major objective of their life. Even though dominant white people did everything possible to sustain slavery in America, they failed to prevent black people from becoming aware of freedom and liberty. For example, black people were used extensively for maritime employment by the white people in the eighteenth century. It was impossible for white people to execute maritime works without slaves. Maritime works were often done without much supervision from the

Morality and The Holy Bible :: Holy Bible Essays

Morality and the Bible    Both the legal and salvation philosophies of the Old and New Testaments reflect those of the cultures around them, due to much copying and borrowing of laws and ideas. Furthermore, all societies around the world have similar moral and legal codes -- which is certainly not an accident.    Interestingly enough, the moral codes of the world's religions bear a striking resemblance to each other, with only minor variations. Religions as different as Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism all have proscriptions against killing, lying, cheating, stealing, etc. This is not an accident, for reasons we shall explore below.    Christians may then object that that there is something unique about the Bible that makes it a superior moral code. Unfortunately for Christians, there is actually very little law in the Bible -- either Old Testament or New -- that is original. Consider the Torah of the ancient Jews. The laws of the Babylonians, Assyrians, Sumerians, Hammurapi, Eshnunna, Hittites, Mishnah, and Israelites all bear a striking resemblance to each other, due to widespread copying of laws. Shared social norms produced identical laws against sorcery, kidnapping, sale of an abducted person, false witness, business dishonesty, bribing judges, property right violations, shutting off irrigation canals used by others, etc. The complete list of identical laws and customs is quite extensive.    Nor is the New Testament's approach to the law unique. Most Christians can probably think of nothing more unique than the Apostle Paul's approach to the law, but any student of ancient Greece knows otherwise. Many of the themes that fill Paul's writings were lifted from his Greco-Roman background. During New Testament times, the Greco-Roman world was filled with Mystery Cults, sporting such names as Eluesinian Mysteries, the Orphic Mysteries, the Attis-Adonis Mysteries, the Isis-Osiris Mysteries, Mithraism, and many others. A common feature of these secret cults was a belief in a heroic redeemer, a heavenly being who would visit earth in human form, battle evil, die a sacrificial death, rise from the dead and ascend to heaven, offering salvation from death to all who follow him.    Another influence on the New Testament was Greek philosophy. In particular, Greek dualism taught that the world was sharply divided into opposites: good and evil, body and soul, man and woman, hot and cold, life and death, etc. Now, the Greeks from Plato on had taught that the body is evil, but the soul is pure.

Limited Household Participation in the Stock Market Phenomenon Analysis

LIMITED HOUSEHOLD PARTICIPATION IN THE STOCK MARKET PHENOMENON ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION3 2. FACTORS THAT DETERMINE STOCKHOLDING DECISION OF HOUSEHOLDS4 2. 1. Wealth4 2. 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ) and cognitive skills4 2. 3. Education4 2. 4. Country4 2. 5. Information availability and ease to trade6 2. 6. Market trust6 2. 7. Age7 2. 8. Marital status7 2. 9. Sociability (social interaction)8 2. 10. Personal values9 2. 11. Life satisfaction9 2. 12. Health10 2. 3. Risk aversion10 3. CONCLUSIONS12 4. REFERENCES13 1. INTRODUCTION There are a lot of researches made to investigate the reasons why households participation in the stock market is relatively low. According to the numbers, only 21% of EU households participate in stockholding (European Survey of Consumer Finances, 2009). This looks irrational because the majority of the society members do not capture their chance to win additional benefits from their wealth in the stock market.The purpose of this exploratory research is to provide general insights about current status of households stock market participation and explain the variables that have effects on stockholding decision by households. Currently, the households investment level can be treated as market inefficiency due to irrational or unconscious households behavior. However, there is a number of external factors that influence the decision making in this field too.The statistics from variuos countries imply differences even among highly developed countries with similar GDP per capita like Italy with 14% and UK with 26% households stockholding level (European Survey of Consumer Finances, 2009). This means that there are externalities that lead to such differences and not just irrational households behavior determine the situation. To draw the full picture, this research focuses on both types of factors – internal and external. The following chapters include short analysis of the main factors that have impact on household st ockholding decision and the summary. . FACTORS THAT DETERMINE STOCKHOLDING DECISION OF HOUSEHOLDS 2. 1. Wealth Wealth refers to accumulated tangible and intangible assets. It is obvious that for stock investing households need to have some tangible assets to buy stocks. Therefore, wealth is one of the main factors that determine whether a household can actually invest, or in other words, convert savings to investment. According to the survey, 31% of respondents in EU state that they have some savings but do not participate in any kind of investing (European Survey of Consumer Finances, 2009).Households starting to invest face a number of costs such as time spent to understand the stock market system, get familiar with markets situation and trading flow. It may seem that the knowledge gain does not cost anything but there are opportunity costs when it comes to time. Other than that, there are also some direct tangible costs like transaction costs, taxes and other fees for the brokera ge. Of course for wealthier households this kind of barriers are less relevant, however, poorer households might be considering if possible benefits outweigh the costs. . 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ) and cognitive skills IQ is probably the most common measure to assess human intelligence. There is no doubt that beneficial stockholding requires appropriate level of intelligence to make good investing decisions. According to recent researches, there is a correlation between IQ and participation in stock market (IQ and Stock Market Participation, 2011). Households’ heads with higher IQ tend to diversify, hold mutual funds, more stocks and eventually bear lower risks with higher returns.In addition to IQ, it is worth to mention cognitive skills that have impact on participation and successfullness of stockholding. Good cognitive skills lead to lower time costs for getting knowledge and higher awareness that are so crucial for investing. 2. 3. Education In general, education prov ides a lot of advantages for societies and its members. Self development is crucial to gain cognitive skills, general knowledge, increase awareness and gain variuos experiences. These are the traits necessary for successful participation in stock markets.It is proven that education has positive correlation with households stockholding participation. More specifically, even one additional year of schooling increases the possibility of participation by 7% – 8% (Stock market participation and household characteristics in Europe, 2010). Moreover, decisions making of educated households’ heads are more rational. 2. 4. Country As it is mentioned in the introduction, different countries have created different environments for stock markets and, therefore, this is one more factor that can influence households stockholding decision.More specifically, governments can influence investment climate by adjusting such variables as taxes, laws, infrastructure, education, general count ry’s stability and even more. The Figure 1 below represents country specific percentage of households having direct and indirect stockholdings between 2006 and 2007 (Stock market participation and household characteristics in Europe, 2010). Figure 1. Stock market participation and household characteristics in Europe, 2010. In order to improve the opportunities for households to participate in tock markets, while at the same time to make it easier to enter the above-mentioned markets to new entrants, and to improve the conditions of participation for existing participants, and finally – to ensure the stability of financial markets, government often takes appropriate actions, whose has a relatively high impact on the further development of stock markets. Government must ensure the macroeconomic stability of financial markets, while at the same time they must ensure the existence of an open economy.A theory of an open economy is very important on the development of stock markets, because only in this case people and companies can freely trade in goods and services with other people and businesses, so that has a major impact on the growth of financial markets. Another neccessary condition for the success of any stock market is its repayment of stock dividends culture – before making any type of investment it must be ensured that stockholders will be allowed to get their dividends at a pre-determined time and at a pre-determined amounts.Talking about ensuring the fair trading process, European Union in 2004 released the EU’s Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) (this directive was implemented three years later, in 2007), in order to open the door to the creation of new trading platforms directly operated by intermediaries, and in 2008, nine major investment banks (BNP Paribas, Citi, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Societe Generale and UBS) has launched new pan-European equities tr ading platform (based in London) called â€Å"Project Turquoise†.Has this directive had an impact on stock markets? Yes. The issuance of this directive led European Union to increase competition and consumer protection in investment services. In order to complete this section about relevant government efforts, we must conclude that the relevant government actions truly has a significant effect on the growth of stock (and bond) markets, promotes fair trade among all countries included in the process of buying / selling stocks, and eventually – influences country's economic level to ncrease. But are these actions sufficient enough in order to ensure the increase of the involvement of households in the stock markets in the future? 2. 5. Information availability and ease to trade Technologies and their development have huge impact on everyday households life. Although nowadays the majority of wealthy households have ability to use the Internet, two decades earlier this was different and households participation in stock market rate was different too.The research of impact of the Internet to stock market participation reveals that there are strong evidences that the Internet penetration contributed to increased amount of households participating in stock market (Stock Market Participation and the Internet, 2008). According to the same research, the usage of the Internet increases the possibility to have stocks by 7%. This is mostly because of ease of stock trading (online trading), lower transaction costs and lower information costs. 2. 6. Market trustTrust is important factor for household’s decision to invest in stock market. Financial markets involve much risk and uncertainty. To tell the truth, the majority of households whose invest in stocks don't fully understand how the capital markets actually function. There needs to be some faith and certainty in this process. If it is known that a certain person or a company is unreliable and untrus tworthy, you, simply, don’t want to have any kind of business and common interests with them. The same is with households.In deciding whether to buy stocks, investors takes into account the risk of being cheated, so those households, whose generally are more trusting, are also more likely to invest in the financial markets, and those who are less trusting are less likely to invest in the market. Collapses of financial markets and its key participants – individual companies’ (when fraud was initiated and tolerated by heads of major companies) not only lowers the distribution of expected payoffs, but at the same time reduces the confidence in the system, which generates these enefits. A great example – company â€Å"Enron†. â€Å"Enron† was one of the biggest U. S. energy companies, however, when it was revealed lots of obscure in accounting procedures (it can be considered as a fraud), performed in 1990 on both â€Å"Enron† and its par tner, accounting company â€Å"Arthur Andersen†, there was a bankruptcy initiated on â€Å"Enron† – it was the largest bankruptcy in U. S. history. Share price fell from $ 90 to a few cents, and since those shares was considered to be very reliable, this bankruptcy was considered as disaster in the financial world.Company’s shareholders lost nearly $11 billion. What do you think, what impact do these examples of companies’ breakdowns have on the growth in confidence in financial markets? 2. 7. Age Another interesting fact in observing limited household stock market participation phenomenon – age. One of the factors that influence household’s decisions about stockholdings is the age’s effect on risk tolerance. There was a research done, in order to identify the risk tolerance level within specified age groups, and it showed that the risk tolerance decreases within the age.According to a research done by Rui Yao, Michael S. Gutte r, and Sherman D. Hanna, where they analyzed the effect of race and ethnicity on subjective financial risk tolerance, measuring age as a continuous variable, found out that each year increase in age decreased a probability of taking any type of risk by almost 2 %. Another factor, having significant impact on household investment decisions according to its age, is income.As this factor was discussed at one of the beginning pages of this research paper, it is worth to remind that different age groups receives different amounts of wages, what has an impact on their ability to act and to invest in financial markets. Finally, it is an interesting fact that interpersonal trust (trust is our previously described factor due to limited household participation in stock market, but this time this factor is viewed from a slightly different perspective) is more important for stock market participation decision within younger age groups and political orientation within older age groups. . 8. Mari tal status It’s not a secret that marital status is another important factor, which has a significant impact on household’s decisions whether to participate in the stock market or not. Married people are more willing to take (and share with each other) a certain level of risk than those, whose are living alone, and those, whose are living together, but are not married at all. There was a research done in order to identify the effects of marriage and divorce on financial investments.According to this research, women are more likely to invest in the stock market after their marriage, and take back their investment after divorce, while at the same time men shows quite different patterns on investment decisions. This suggests that the female gender is more risk averse than men (risk averse is also identified as one of the factors that has an impact on household’s investment decisions in the stock market), but in terms of couples who are married, a degree of risk mor e or less evenly distributes among themselves.It is worth to mention that marriage increases the likelihood of future investments in the financial markets for both men and women. There are lots of household finance literature available both online and in libraries, where it is often highlighted the differences in men and women behaviors while investing (marital status, as one of the factors having impact on households decision whether to participate in stock market or not, can be analyzed in a little bit different way.That’s true – by gender and by risk level each gender has possibility to take on themselves). According to the literature, the differences on investment preferences between men and women are more exposed, when individuals rather than married couples are being analyzed, because as it was mentioned earlier, married investors takes more risk than single investors. A distribution in risk by gender, talking in terms of marital status, is not the only reason fo r limited household participation in stock market. There an be distinguished several different factors, attributable to marital status – it‘s changes in household risk preferences, changes in background risks, and, also, changes in economic resources. 2. 9. Sociability (social interaction) Is it not true that working with a good company of friends involves more fun and at the same time the overall productivity increases? At the same time, don‘t you feel safer when you purchase a good, that was tested by people living in your environment, and it was recommended as a reliable and useful good?Another example would be a participation in any social program, where there previously participated, for example, your neighbours or friends – your decision-making process is very strongly influenced by the people of your environment, and here takes place the so-called phenomenon of word-of-mouth communication. All these examples perfectly suites to define one more factor , which explains limited household participation in stock market phenomenon – it is sociability, or, in other words, household‘s social interaction.Harvard Business School provides us with an opportunity to observe their findings about sociability‘s impact on stockholding decisions. Firstly, according to a research done, social households – those households, that has friendly and warm relations with their neighbours, are more likely to participate in stock markets, than those, whose relations with their neighbours are ruined or there aren‘t any neighbours in their environment. Secondly, as the proof of the first claim about sociability, researchers indicates that the impact of sociability is much more higher in those states with higher stock market participation rates.Quite „unexpectedâ€Å", right? Finally, they found out that differential between social and non-social households appears to have widened since 1990s. We often encounter with wor d-of-mouth communication‘s impact in our everyday‘s life, but when you are trying to assess sociability‘s influence on household decisions whether to participate on stock markets or not, you then realize the true power of a word. Word-of-mouth information sharing is key point in understanding sociability as another factor of limited household stockholding decisions, so we state that there‘s a significant impact of social interaction on such like household decisions. 2. 10. Personal values This research is gradually beginning to analyze not only the superficial factors, that affects household decisions related to stock market participation, but it also tries to look a little bit deeper into personal characteristics of an investor. One of the most important internal factor, having a great impact on investor‘s financial decisions, is personal values of an individual.A technical definition of personal values would be that it‘s the strongest internal p rovisions, having a large impact on our everyday decisions. Those everyday decisions are better know as our consumption decisions, they are also a major driver of our voting decisions and so on. Compared to other internal factors, such as risk aversion or life satisfaction (those are our next two internal factors, whose will be discussed a little bit later in this research), studies about personal values and its impact on our everyday‘s life are more preferable by today‘s researchers.According to their findings, personal values are connected to various demographic variables, i. e. Self-Transcedence and Openness to Change are the values that are proven to become more important when the level of education gets higher. It have also been proven that personal values are associated with social involvement, where, according to researchers, social involvement increases with the level of education. Finally, about two thirds of all studies shows that political orientation has stro ngest association with personal values.As every person has different values, the same is with political orientation – as there are many factors affecting citizens‘ lives, such as the income inequality, national security and so on, it is natural, however, that different values are emphasized in different environments. So what’s a true effect of personal values on investment decisions? Firstly, people with self-enhancement values of power and achievement are more likely to invest in stock markets than the others.And secondly, it is observed that personal values have a significant impact on those groups of people and their decisions, where investing in stock markets is relatively rare. 2. 11. Life satisfaction Isn’t it true that happier, more optimistic and satisfied with their life people embraces better decisions? What are the differences between pessimistic and optimistic people? – Optimists are more likely to believe that future economic conditions will improve. On the other hand, it is observed that optimistic people are working longer hours, they are more likely to remarry after divorce.So, optimism and life satisfaction are other important factors influencing households’ economy-related decisions. There was a research by Cambridge university‘s researchers done, where they found that optimism is highly correlated with stock ownership. People with higher levels of life satisfaction lives longer. Mostly. Therefore they think they are further from retirement, hence they are trying to control financial factors that are known that could affect their lifespan.It‘s a fact, that people, whose are more satisfied with their life, are working more, they are less pre-disposed towards retirement. What is more, it is more likely that one day they‘ll create any kind of business, so they‘ll become self-employed. Finally, optimistic people are more likely to remarry after divorce. All of this suggests that lif e satisfaction and optimism truly is a critical component of economic-decision making, and that those two factors plays an important role both on household decisions related to stock market participation and economic welfare of stockholders. . 12. Health Health risk is increasingly viewed as an important form of background risk that affects household portfolio decisions. According to household‘s level of health (whether it‘s poor or good) there‘s a possibility to detect whether household is willing to participate on the stock market or not – poor health is associated with smaller amount of risky assets and greater amount of safe assets. Researchers are trying to evaluate the links between health, health risk and portfolio selection.Recently it was observed that it does not matter whether households are trying to control their level of income and variety of socio-demographic characteristics, poor health decreases the probability of owning risky assets  œ for example, those households with poor health entails a higher risk of unexpected out-of-pocket medical expenditures, and prefers to own a corporate or government bond instead of holding a stock. Despite the fact that health risk quite often leads to a previously mentioned higher out-of-pocket medical expenditure risk, two possible outcomes can arise from such things.In particular, households may start changing the allocation of their financial resources, that can reduce their exposure to financial risk. On the second case, households can increase their precautionary saving, what reduces their ability to act in stock markets. At this point it is worth to mention that the intervention of government organizations reduces the impact of health risks related to household‘s stockholding decisions. That‘s why – it is observed that countries without adequate health care laws tends not to invest in risky financial assets, so this suggests an important role of such laws in shaping household‘s portfolio decisions. . 13. Risk aversion Finally, last but not least – factor, which had a significant role on this entire research. That’s risk aversion. We’ve emphasized different levels of risks on our study and their impact on household stockholding decisions, such as health risk or the age effect on risk tolerance. It has became clear that risk aversion reduces the probability of household‘s investments on risky assets. As the standard portfolio theory states, the amount of wealth a person wishes o invest in risky assets, depends directly on his degree of risk aversion, so it is logical to assume that if a person is more risk averse, he will hold safer portfolios. There was a research done several years in a row (from 1998 to 2001), where researchers found out that risk aversion has an effect not only on the structure of portfolio, but it also has an impact on the final decision whether an individual wants to become a stoc kholder (you should remember that previously we had a little discussion about that entry costs affects individuals‘ stock market participation decisions, too).Finally, talking about risk aversion‘s relation to other factors affecting stockholding decisions, it is found that risk aversion is negatively correlated with wealth. That‘s true – risk aversion decreases when wealth levels increases, and vice versa. To complete our discussion, another interesting fact – it was identified, that women are more risk averse than men, however, differences between genders, tends to be larger in single households (remember what effect on household‘s decisions on stockholding has marital status). 3. CONCLUSIONSIn general, all present researches about the topic agree that household stock market participation currently is not at the efficient point. There are a lot of complex factors that have impact on household stockholding decision and those have been discussed . However, some researchers observe even more correlations with stockholding decision and such interesting variables as race or living place but due to the limited scope of this exploratory research, these interesting factors are not taken into consideration. Needless to say, there are plenty of not mentioned factors that determine the level of stockholding.Of course, the governments are motivated to encourage investment level of households to make stock markets more efficient. There are some great examples how particular countries managed to increase the level of household stockholding over time. However, the complexity of the factors that lead to higher efficiency in each country are hard to determine and need further analysis to determine what works for each country particularly. Unfortunately, not all factors can be stabilized by the government. The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 showed that trust crisis in stock markets can not be handled so easily.Therefore, the only way to ensure sustainable stockholding growth is to adjust the system itself and add measures that could protect stockholders and decrease the possibility of such recessions. 4. REFERENCES 1. James P. Dow, Jr. , â€Å"Age, investing horizon and asset allocation†, 2008 2. George Korniotis, â€Å"Does Investment Skill Decline due to Cognitive Aging or Improve with Experience? †, 2007 3. Sule Alan, â€Å"Entry Costs and Stock Market Participation Over the Life Cycle†, 2006 4. Janus Capital Group, â€Å"European Survey of Consumer Finances†, 2009 5.Luigi Guiso, Paola Sapienza and Luigi Zingales, â€Å"Trusting the Stock Market†, 2008 6. Vicki Bogan, â€Å"Stock Market Participation and the Internet†, 2008 7. Mark Grinblatt, Matti Keloharju Juhani Linnainmaa, â€Å"IQ and Stock Market Participation†, 2011 8. Charlotte Christiansen, Juanna Cchroter Joensen, Jesper Rangvid, â€Å"Are Economists More Likely to Hold Stocks? †, 2007 9. Elin a Laakso, â€Å"Stock market participation and household characteristics in Europe†, 2010 10. Paul Gerrans, „Gender Differences in Retirement Savings Decisionsâ€Å" 11.Jeffrey R. Brown, Zoran Ivkovic, Paul A. Smith, Scott Weisbenner, „Neighbors Matter:Causal Community Effects and Stock Market Participationâ€Å", 2006 12. Dimitris Georgarakos, Giacomo Pasini, „Trust, Sociability and Stock Market Participationâ€Å", 2009 13. Kaustia, M. , Torstila, S. „Stock market aversion? Political preferences and stock market participation. â€Å", 2010 14. Shawn Cole, Gauri Kartini Shastry, „Smart Money: The Effect of Education, Cognitive Ability, and Financial Literacy on Financial Market Participationâ€Å", 2008 – 2009 15.George Korniotis, „Does Investment Skill Decline due to Cognitive Aging or Improve with Experience? â€Å", 2007 16. Rosen, H. , Wu, S. , „Portfolio choice and health status. Journal of Financial Economics ", 2004. 17. Edwards R. D. , „Health Risk and Portfolio Choiceâ€Å", 2005 18. Christiansen C. , Rangvid J. , Joensen J. S. , â€Å"The Effects of Marriage and Divorce on Financial Investments: Learning to Love or Hate Risk? †, 2010 19. Christiansen C. , Rangvid J. , Joensen J. S. , â€Å"Fiction or Fact: Systematic Gender Differences in Financial Investments? , 2010 20. Niilo Luotonen, „Personal Values and Stock Market Participation – Evidence from Finnish University Studentsâ€Å", 2009 21. Sule Alan, „Entry Costs and Stock Market Participation Over the Life Cycleâ€Å", 2006 22. Yao, R. , Gutter, M. S. , Hanna, S. D. , „The financial risk tolerance of Blacks, Hispanics and Whitesâ€Å", 2005 23. Rui Yao, Deanna L. Sharpe, Feifei Wang, „Decomposing the age effect on risk toleranceâ€Å", 2010 24. Tullio Jappelli, Marco Pagano, „FINANCIAL MARKET INTEGRATION UNDER EMUâ€Å", 2008

The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver - 1124 Words

In the novel The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, the reader is introduced to the Price family, Baptist missionaries who are attempting to â€Å"Christianize† the country of Congo, more specifically the village of Kilanga. As the story progresses, the family realizes that they are not changing the Congo; instead, the Congo is changing them. The development of the characters within the novel is due to the instrument of cruelty. Although distasteful to regard it as such, cruelty motivates the development and choices of its subjects, whether politically, culturally, or socially. Rendering itself as a main theme throughout the book, different aspects of cruelty are illustrated through the interactions of the Price family, internally and externally, as well as the overall relationship between the â€Å"white men† and Congo, or more generally the continent of Africa. 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