A Timeline of the Russian Revolutions Introduction

Although a timeline of 1917 can be very helpful for a student of the Russian Revolutions (one in February and a second in October 1917), I dont feel it adequately conveys the context, the decades long build up of social and political pressure. Consequently, Ive created a series of linked timelines covering the period 1861-1918, highlighting - amongst other things - the development of the socialist and liberal groups, the revolution of 1905 and the emergence of the industrial worker. The Russian Revolution wasnt simply the result of World War One, which just triggered the collapse of a system being eroded by tensions for several decades before, the sort of collapse Hitler thought would be repeated in the Second World War; he was a war too late for his plans, and history is rarely as easy to predict by looking back as history students have to argue in essays. While the events of 1917 were traumatic for two continents, it set in motion Europes communist era, which filled much of the twentieth century and affected the outcomes of one hot war and the existence of another cold. No one in 1905, or 1917, really knew where they would end up, much like the early days of the French Revolution gave little clue to the later, and its also important to remember that the first revolution of 1917 was not communist, and things might not have turned out the way they had a lot of different paths been taken. Of course, a timeline is primarily a reference tool, not a substitute for a narrative or discursive text, but because they can be used to quickly and easily grasp the pattern of events, Ive included more detail and explanation than is normal. Consequently, I hope this chronology will be more useful than simply a dry list of dates and unexplained statements. However, the focus is very much on the revolutions in 1917, so events key to other aspects of Russian history have frequently been omitted from the earlier eras. Where the reference books disagree over a particular date, I have tended to side with the majority. A list of texts with timelines and further reading is given below. The Timeline †¢ Pre-1905†¢ 1905†¢ 1906- 13†¢ 1914- 16†¢ 1917†¢ 1918 Texts used in compiling this timeline A Peoples Tragedy, The Russian Revolution 1891 - 1924 by Orlando Figes (Pimlico, 1996)The Longman Companion to Imperial Russia 1689 - 1917 by David LongleyThe Longman Companion to Russia since 1914 by Martin McCauleyThe Origins of the Russian Revolution Third edition by Alan Wood (Routledge, 2003)The Russian Revolution, 1917 by Rex Wade (Cambridge, 2000)The Russian Revolution 1917 - 1921 by James White (Edward Arnold, 1994)The Russian Revolution by Richard Pipes (Vintage, 1991)Three Whys of the Russian Revolution by Richard Pipes (Pimlico, 1995) Next page Pre-1905 Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology

Luwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant.† (www.muskingum.edu) He was among the first to explore new ideas for understanding human behavior, and his determination resulted in the most complete theory of personality and psychotherapy ever developed (www.muskingum.edu). Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotion and experiences, make the unconscious conscious (www.simplypsychology). â€Å"Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining insight.† (www.simplypsychology.org) He is considered to be the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology which looks closely at the unconscious drives that motivate people to act in certain ways. According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, of personality it is composed of three elements. These three elements of personality are known as the Id, the ego, and superego (About.com Psychology). These three elements workShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Th ree people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have their own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These components include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the pr evious wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this ideaRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1939 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters there’s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first

The Roman Empire Free Essays

The Roman Empire Free Essays The Roman Empire was once one of the biggest and most powerful empires in the lands. The empire owned most of the Mediterranean after conquering Carthage, and was immensely powerful. Huge military, very cultured, and massive area, the Roman Empire is the symbol of early, ancient civilizations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Roman Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now But like all powerful and great entities, Rome fell. There were multiple reasons for the fall, economic troubles, the rise of Christianity, and attacks by barbarians. There were other factors of course, but these three things brought the Roman Empire down, starting a new age. Rome had many economic problems that divided the rich and poor. Many emperors debased the currency to supply more coinage, but this had unintended consequences. The coin now only represented gold and silver instead of actual gold and silver. Near the end of the empire, coins meant little to nothing, having little to no silver or gold. Taxes were a big player as well, as Rome had taxed it’s citizens too much. The military and imperial guard were absolutely essential, the empire couldn’t survive without them. The taxes were so much, that people often sold themselves into slavery, saying that being free from taxes was better than personal liberty. Slavery was the last big player. Rome had a slave issue, relying on slave labor too much. But when territorial gain was halted, slaves and other war treasures stopped as well. Christianity is the largest religion in the world. Back in the age of Rome, it was almost just as massive and fast spreading as it is today. This helped pull Rome into decline. The leader of Rome was seen as divine, chosen by the gods to lead. So when another Godly figure took over, which demanded worship to only him and no other gods before him, the emperor suddenly had fewer supporters. Adding the pope and bishops playing a part in political affairs, the government became more and more confusing and leaning away from the emperor. How to cite The Roman Empire, Papers

Reflective Journal The Importance of Sustainability Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Journal for Sustainability. Answer: Introduction: Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of an organisation incorporates social, environment and economic value to the core business strategy and operations management. Through the identification of risks attached to the business management, CSR of an organisation provides substantial social and ecological sustainability to the firm for long-run benefits. The essay has been presented to demonstrate how CSR of a corporate business structure has contributed to sustainability (Gonzalez-Perez Leonard, 2013). Meanwhile, understanding the imperatives valuable for corporate social productivity, modern organisations have significantly added business ethics to the CSR to produce corporate sustainability. Corporations around the globe have to struggle with the current business trends without losing the organisational productivity standards. On the other hand, the organisations need to take significant responsibility for the current business operations that may affect the civilisation and normal environment (Schaefer, 2014). Therefore, the management of the organisations requires identifying appropriate sustainability principles to conduct the operations in an efficient procedure. Meanwhile, sustainability primarily consigns the operational activities of a corporate firm to include social and ecological concerns to the business model. Modern business ethics no longer identify a successful business organisation merely by the economic prosperity of the firm. The actions of an organisation must promote long-run public interests to the societal prosperity (Conard, 2013). Keeping abreast of the international trends, modern business organisations need to be committed towards the society as w ell as the organisational financial obligations. As a result of that, business models, industrial framework, business regulations and standard of discussions of ethics must be included within the Corporate Social Responsibility to achieve corporate sustainability. Nevertheless, modern organisations have significantly developed high standards of ecological, social and corporate levels to meet the societal and business imperatives. Along with that, CSR of contemporary business firms has promoted efficient quality of relationship among the people attached to the business so that corporate and ecological sustainability have been retained (Timpere, 2008). The integrated social responsibility shown by the business corporations has been significantly acknowledged by the social public so that the business environment of the firm can reach beyond the traditional boundaries. Meanwhile, the role of leadership in CSR has been considerably crucial to maintaining the standards of corporate sustainability in a given market (Paul, 2008). By following the recent business trends, effective leadership in CSR can promote human rights, equal opportunities for every subordinate, reasonable antagonism within the workforce to achieve the target of corporate sustainab ility. Considering the history of Corporate Social Responsibilities, it can be seen that CSR began with donation of money for social welfare in the early days of industrial revolutions. With changes in laws and increased concern among the common people regarding ecological and social development, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility changed for the modern business organisations (Sarvaiya Wu, 2014). Currently, Corporate Social Responsibility has become an essential element for the sustainable growth of a business. Every organisation working in the global competitive industry needs to implement CSR policies to seek sustainable competitive advantage (Kleine, 2010). Any business cannot seek success with an unsuccessful society. Hence, CSR has been recognised as a key to competitive advantage that helps an organisation seek good reputation in the market and increase its corporate value. There are several factors that must be considered by any modern organisation in order to meet the growing needs of corporate social responsibility (Przychodze Przychodze, 2014). The first primary factor is the new expectations and concerns of the consumers, citizens and public authorities in regards to industrial change and globalisation. Second is the growing influence of social interference on investment decisions of individuals and organisations. Next factor is the growing concern of people regarding environmental degradation. Hence, it has become important for any organisation to consider all above factors to survive in the market and seek sustainable competitive advantage (Przychodze Przychodze, 2014). The protection of environment has become a core responsibility of every business organisation. It has become mandatory for industrial operators to follow the rules and regulars regarding environmental conservation to survive in the market. Now, considering the drawbacks of Corporate Social Responsibility, it can be seen that CSR practices leads to increase in expenditure of the organisations. Every global leader needs to invest a huge amount of money to seek technology advancement that would be helpful in conserving the environment. Along with that, CSR leads to increased pressure over the employees of the company due to extra activities. It can be seen that CSR exerts certain burden over the organisation, but is the only key to sustainable growth of business in the current market scenario. Hence, CSR is recognised as primary strategy to corporate and ecological sustainability that helps an organisation to seek better positioning in the market. References Conard, B. (2013). Some Challenges to Sustainability.Sustainability,5(8), 3368-3381. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su5083368 Gonzalez-Perez, M. Leonard, L. (2013).International business, sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Bingley [England]: Emerald. Kleine, A. (2010). Sustainability-driven implementation of corporate social responsibility: application of the integrative sustainability triangle.Strategic Direction,26(5). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd.2010.05626ead.001 Paul, K. (2008). Corporate Sustainability, Citizenship and Social Responsibility Reporting.Journal Of Corporate Citizenship,2008(32), 63-78. https://dx.doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.4700.2008.wi.00007 Przychodze, W. Przychodze, J. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility for Sustainability.Management And Business Administration. Central Europe,22(2), 80-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.7206/mba.ce.2084-3356.100 Sarvaiya, H. Wu, M. (2014). An integrated Approach for Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Sustainability.Asian Social Science,10(17). https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n17p57 Schaefer, A. (2014). Corporate sustainability - integrating environmental and social concerns?.Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Mgmt,11(4), 179-187. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/csr.70 Timpere, A. (2008).Corporate social responsibility. New York: Nova Science Publishers.